PIK3CA and lymphatic malformation: Alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway are associated with lymphatic malformations, venous malformations, or combined vascular tissue overgrowth; while alterations in the RAS/MAPK pathway are associated with abnormal remodeling and differentiation of vascular tissue, causing capillary and arteriovenous abnormalities that may suggest CNS or other vascular involvement [3, 12].