The predominance of M2-like TAMs within the tumor microenvironment supports oncogenic signaling via secretion of VEGF, TGF-β, and IL-10, promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and suppresses cytotoxic immune responses through PD-L1 expression and arginase-1–mediated T-cell dysfunction. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.