TF and neoplasm: In conclusion, African prostate tumours exhibited distinct methylation patterns akin to aggressive disease, characterised by three key features (Fig. 6): (i) widespread hypermethylation silencing metastasis-related and tumour-suppressor genes (Fig. 6A); (ii) aberrant methylation at distal enhancers disrupting TF interactions, particularly at motifs linked to metastasis and tumour suppression (Fig. 6B); and (iii) global hypomethylation of heterochromatic regions (Fig. 6C), promoting developmental gene activation (facilitated by enhancer activation) and influencing cell identity.