The interaction of MIF with its receptors (CD44, CD74, CXCR4) are known drivers in late stage MM and other cancers [70,71] and are involved in a variety of mechanisms, including homing to BM [72], pro-tumoral M0 macrophage differentiation [73] and resistance to therapy [74,75]. Here, CXCR4 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.