TNFSF13B and cancer: Although M1 macrophages are considered to be pro-inflammatory or anti-tumoral, and M2 macrophages are considered to be anti-inflammatory or pro-tumoral in cancer research [57], BAFF-expressing M1 macrophages have been found to be associated with bortezomib resistance [58,59], which is an important consideration as bortezomib is often incorporated into first-line therapy.