Even when correcting for severity of CFTR mutations, those with CFRD have more pulmonary exacerbations, lower lung function, and increased mortality than those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).<h4>Methods</h4>Expectorated sputum samples were collected from 63 pwCF during routine outpatient visits (29 with CFRD, 12 with IGT and 22 with NGT). The gene discussed is CFTR; the disease is cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.