NPPB and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: To further understand the relationship with cardiomyopathies, we undertook 2-sample Mendelian randomization with the results of GWAS of HCM30 and DCM.5 This analysis suggested that left ventricular hypertrophy increases NT-proBNP and BNP circulating levels (Figures S28 and S29; Table S8).10,21,31–33 The opposite effect was observed for the DCM Mendelian randomization; common genetic variants associated with DCM risk5 predisposed to decreased NT-proBNP levels (Figure S28; Table S8).