BAX and childhood malignant neoplasm: Additionally, we observed that a measure of pro-apoptotic balance (BAX to BCL-2 gene expression at the mRNA-level) was highest in severe cardiomyopathy, intermediate in mild cardiomyopathy, and lowest in survivors without cardiomyopathy.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We observed substantial evidence that the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial processes differs in childhood cancer survivors who develop cardiomyopathy versus those who do not.