Although AAV9-mediated activation of IFN-I and ISG responses were observed (Supplementary Fig. 5a,b), indicated by the expression of p-STAT1 and ISGs (OAS1B and SOCS1), there were no differences in the maximum tumor diameter and liver/body weight ratio between the two groups (Supplementary Fig. 5c). The gene discussed is SOCS1; the disease is neoplasm.