However, the HOIPIN-1 treatment, which was sufficient to inhibit the formation of linear ubiquitin chains, NFκB signaling activation and the M1 ubiquitin of IKBKG at applied dosage (Supplementary Fig. 1d,e), had no significant inhibitory effect on the proliferative and clonal ability of HCC cells (Fig. 1c–f). This evidence concerns the gene IKBKG and hepatocellular carcinoma.