LDHA and neoplasm: LDHA catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, representing a key step in the abnormal glycolytic metabolism of cancer cells.[17] Related studies have shown that the activation of lactic acid promotes tumor progression mainly through two pathways: On one hand, lactate accumulation acidifies the microenvironment, facilitating immune evasion, drug resistance, tumor growth, and metastasis;[33] on the other hand, lactate functions as a signaling molecule in epigenetic remodeling and serves as a substrate for histone lactylation.[20]