RB1 and cancer: TheHPV E7 protein plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis ofHPV-related cancers by binding to and inactivating the retinoblastoma(Rb) protein, thereby disrupting cell cycle regulation and promotingmalignant transformation. In additionto its interaction with Rb, E7 engages with numerous other cellularproteins, with further study needed for its oncogenic potential.