Immunofluorescence staining for Iba-1, a general microglial marker, and CD68, a marker of activated microglia, revealed that the co-localized area of CD68 within Iba-1+ microglia was significantly reduced in the NPC-treated group (0.80 ± 0.73%) compared to the saline group (3.26 ± 1.67%). This evidence concerns the gene AIF1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.