Changes in the maternal-fetal interface and immune disorders and alterations in CHI include large number of CD68+ monocyte-macrophages are abnormally aggregated in the intervillous space, while T cells subsets predominantly composed of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes significantly infiltrate this space, Treg cells reduction, secretion of immune factors such as IL-1β and TGFβR1, and release of immune effector molecules such as MMPs. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and congenital isolated hyperinsulinism.