In addition, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and endothelin-β secreted by tumor cells synergistically induced vascular endothelial cells to overexpress FAS ligand (FASL), which selectively induced effector T cells (e.g., CD8+T cells (e.g., CD8+T cells) through the FAS-FASL pathway, whereas Tregs were virtually unaffected (69, 70, 83, 84). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.