TGFB1 and neoplasm: interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and TNF-α induced the transformation of TAM to M1 type, which exerted pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects; while M2 type macrophages formed under the driving force of factors such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β, and CSF1, which manifested the high expression of receptors such as CD163 and CD206.