HMBOX1 and Sepsis: More specifically, a study showed that exosomes from sepsis patients were associated with increased miR-885–5p, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, along with decreased homeobox-containing protein 1 (HMBOX1) (Tu et al., 2022), which is an important immunosuppressive factor that curbs inflammatory responses (Zhao et al., 2018).