YPEL4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: These differentially expressed lncRNAs demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for SLE and exhibit specificity in distinguishing SLE from RA.[63] Another study detected 2, 353 dysregulated lncRNAs in the plasma of SLE patients, among which YPEL4 was associated with the FcγR pathway.[64] YPEL4 may contribute to SLE pathogenesis by stimulating immune cells to release inflammatory mediators.[65] In serum, miR-551b, miR-448 and miRNA-21 were up-regulated in patients with SLE, while miR-124 was down-regulated.[66,67]