DNMT1 and diabetic kidney disease: Diosgenin, extracted from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright (Dioscoreaceae), has garnered attention for its beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in DKD, improving lipid metabolism by regulating the miR-148b-3p/DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)/FOXO1 axis and inhibiting lipid droplet formation in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells (Luo et al., 2025).