AKT1 and diabetic kidney disease: Calycosin, an isoflavonoid metabolite from Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae), mitigates lipid accumulation in DKD by restoring autophagy via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway inhibition (Zhang et al., 2025b).