In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) spheroids (e.g., A549 cell line), EMT markers (vimentin, fibronectin) and drug resistance proteins (glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1)) were upregulated in both scaffold-free and scaffold-based 3D models, correlating with increased migration and chemotherapy resistance [121]. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.