In studies on human esophageal cancer, OTUD3 directly interacted with ZFP36 and stabilized the ZFP36 protein by cleaving the K48-type polyUb chain, which subsequently promoted the degradation of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) mRNA to inhibit lymphatic metastasis [61]. The gene discussed is VEGFC; the disease is esophageal cancer.