In stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), genomic instability and DNA hypomethylation lead to upregulation of the cancer-testis antigen Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma, disrupting interactions between CD8+ T cells and alveolar type II epithelial cells, and fostering an immunosuppressive niche that predisposes to postoperative recurrence [98]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.