CCL2 and neoplasm: Studies in other cancers reveal diverse chemokine regulatory mechanisms: Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) drives intrinsic tumor resistance by suppressing immune infiltration through IL-6/STAT3 signaling in bladder uroepithelial carcinoma [133]; MDSCs limit CD8+ T-cell activity via CCR5 in melanoma [134]; and the IL-6/CCL2 pathway inhibits NK cell function in head and neck squamous carcinoma [135].