GLS and neoplasm: Tsvetkov et al. (Tsvetkov et al., 2022b) identified 10 CRGs, of which 7 are positively regulated genes, specifically LIAS, FDX1, DLD, LIPT1, PDHB, DLAT, and PDHA1; and three are negatively regulated genes, specifically GLS, MTF1, and CDKN2A.The introduction of the concept of cuproptosis rapidly attracted the attention of medical researchers, and a number of recent studies have found that copper plays an integral role in tumor immunity and antitumor therapy plays an indispensable role (Santini et al., 2014).