Consequently, the majority of patients with advanced NSCLC are treated with single-agent immunotherapy or combination chemotherapy, and the effective response to immunotherapy varies somewhat among NSCLC, regardless of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumour mutational burden (TMB) (Santini and Hellmann, 2018). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.