A cluster-based analysis of individuals with diabetes mellitus (less than five years duration) using GAD antibodies in an Indian cohort from nine states revealed a higher prevalence of severe insulin-deficient diabetes (26.2% versus 17.5%), younger age at onset, lower BMI, and reduced β-cell function compared to the Swedish All New Diabetics in Scania (ANDIS) cohort. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.