ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI = angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; PAD = peripheral artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI = body mass index; ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate. Here, ACE is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.