Accordingly, there is abundant evidence for immune dysfunctions at different system levels in subjects with schizophrenia, namely, greater serum concentrations of acute phase reactant (e.g., C-reactive protein or CRP) and of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, when compared to controls (Ermakov et al., 2022; Fernandes et al., 2016; Goldsmith et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is schizophrenia.