NFKB1 and respiratory failure: First, sepsis-associated MODS reflected by high SOFA scores (e.g., respiratory failure and coagulopathy) synergizes with systemic inflammation; Klebsiella pneumoniae-derived capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides activate the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering a cytokine storm (IL-6 and TNF-α) that disrupts vascular endothelial barriers, thereby facilitating hematogenous dissemination of the pathogen to distant organs (35).