MTOR and cancer: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway plays a criticalrole in regulating key metabolic processes, including cell proliferation,survival, and growth. Aberrant activationof this pathway is implicated in numerous cancers, occurring in approximately70% of breast and ovarian cancers, 90% of lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs),and 40% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).,