Tumor blood vessels often lack proper endothelial junctions and adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which are essential for T cell extravasation (Takasawa et al., 2024; Kawczyk-Krupka et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and neoplasm.