In the CD45.2+ mouse B16OVA melanoma model and Panc OVA pancreatic cancer model, antigen-specific CTLs pretreated with valeric acid or butyric acid exhibited enhanced IFN-γ and TNF-α production as well as tumor clearance capacity, indicating the potential application of SCFAs in adoptive CTL therapy (Luu et al., 2021). Here, IFNG is linked to melanoma.