For instance, PI3K/Akt pathway activation has been identified as a pivotal mediator of radioresistance in small cell lung cancer (SCLC; Jin et al., 2022), while dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance radiosensitivity in breast cancer (Gasimli et al., 2023). The gene discussed is PIK3CA; the disease is small cell lung carcinoma.