AKT1 and cancer: In tumors, abnormal activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (such as PIK3CA mutations or PTEN loss) is one of the most common molecular events, closely associated with malignant proliferation, drug resistance, and metastatic potential of tumor cells, making it a core target pathway in cancer research (Chen et al., 2016; Alzahrani, 2019; He et al., 2021c).