NANOG and cancer: Examples include overexpression of the pluripotency- and apoptosis-related POU5F1 (OCT4) (i.e., TGCT-15.6.3.P.3.0.0.2.4.2), SOX2 (i.e., LUSC-2293.6.3.P.3.62.30.1.4.3), and NANOG (i.e., TGCT-4.6.3.P.3.0.0.2.4.1) genes in various cancer types associated with stemness and poor prognosis (Clemente-Perivan et al., 2020; Chiou et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2012; Gutekunst et al., 2013; Upadhyay et al., 2020; Mehrzad et al., 2022; Fang et al., 2023; von Eyben et al., 2023; Zhu and Xu, 2024).