Future research endeavors could employ microbiota transplantation and targeted metabolomics to validate the mediating role of gut microbiota in tryptophan metabolism and tyrosine metabolism, or employ silencing or overexpression techniques to validate the role of AQP3 and VEGFA-VEGFR2 related signaling pathway in VSZT’s treatment of MAE. Here, VEGFA is linked to epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures.