MTOR and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions: Of note, the mTOR pathway is itself strongly activated in tRCC via largely undefined mechanisms; multiple studies have shown enrichment of mTOR signaling in human tRCC18,24–26, as well as cell-line27, PDX28, and one transgenic mouse tRCC model26.