TSC1 and tuberous sclerosis: Mechanistically, there is evidence that mTORC1 can itself modulate stemness and plasticity66: PEComas in TSC have shown resemblance to the embryonic kidney36 and mTORC1 activation via TSC1/2 loss in nephron progenitors drives pluripotency along multiple (renal epithelial, stromal, and glial) lineages in the developing kidney16,61.