Translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) is a rare subtype of non-clear cell, sporadic kidney cancer driven by chromosomal translocations involving the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors (TFE3 [Xp11.23], TFEB [6p21.1], and MITF [3p13]), which are key regulators of lysosomal biogenesis. The gene discussed is TFE3; the disease is renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.