PLVAP and neoplasm: The analysis of plasmalemma vesicle–associated protein-1 (PV-1), a marker of altered vascular gut permeability (38, 39), in small intestinal villi of tumor-bearing mice by confocal microscopy showed the increased PV-1 expression in the ileum of anti–PD-L1–treated mice, suggesting that intestinal integrity was compromised by ICB (8); the combination of anti–PD-L1 with apyrase prevented the increase in PV-1 expression (Fig. 2A).