We grafted subcutaneously either MC38 cells or the B16-OVA melanoma cell line into C57BL/6 mice and starting from day 5, when tumors were measurable, we administered to mice E. colipApyr or E. colipBAD28 in combination with intraperitoneal administration of anti–PD-L1 from day 8 after tumor engraftment (Fig. 1A). Here, CD274 is linked to melanoma.