Although TGF‐β as a therapeutic target is still debatable, delivery of mRNA TGF‐β has shown therapeutic effects on type 1 diabetes mellitus, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease.34, 35, 36. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.