It should be stressed that TNC also promotes fibroblast activation and proliferation via integrin/FAK/MAPK signaling.[18] In this context, it is reasonable to speculate that after kidney injury, TNC organizes a proinflammatory and profibrotic nice, in which it promotes both macrophage and fibroblast activation simultaneously and in parallelly, but not necessarily sequentially. The gene discussed is PTK2; the disease is kidney injury.