First, TNC is highly upregulated in a diverse array of CKD, and it localizes focally at specific sites within the kidney where injury occurs, consistent with the notion of the fibrotic niche.[18] Furthermore, by using dc‐KTS from the control and fibrotic kidneys, we found that TNC‐enriched extracellular microenvironment promotes macrophage activation and proliferation, whereas TNC‐depleted dc‐KTS hampers the activation of macrophages and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (Figure 3). Here, TNC is linked to chronic kidney disease.