Given fibrosis severity is used clinically to stage MASLD severity/risk for liver related morbidity and mortality, termed as F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, our patient data cohorts suggested that no significant difference was observed in F0/F1 patients compared with healthy control individuals, while increased cGAS mRNA levels were observed in F2 and F3/F4 patient cohorts (Figure 6H), associated with decreased ALDH2 mRNA levels (Figure 6I). Here, ALDH2 is linked to fibrosis.