CD274 and lung carcinoma: A recent study using SEER data found that lung cancer patients without insurance or on Medicaid had significantly higher CVD mortality than those with non-Medicaid insurance.38 Lower PD-L1 testing rate and among NSCLC patients on Medicaid compared to those with commercial insurance may further contribute to these disparities.51 Our findings confirm persistent insurance-related survival disparities in NSCLC patients, particularly in CVD mortality, highlighting the need for integrated cancer and CVD management in this vulnerable population.