AKT1 and urinary bladder cancer: For instance, it downregulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression in bladder cancer cells by modulating the p38 and JNK1/2, MAPK signaling pathways (Huang et al., 2013), inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway in gastric cancer cells (Song et al., 2020), and reduces expression of NF-κB, p65, and AKT to block the MAPK pathway in NCI-H460 and A375 cells (Ji et al., 2015; Hsia et al., 2016).