In contrast, the tumor siRNA field faces significant challenges, including target fragmentation (e.g., CSF2 accounts for 40%, yet has limited efficacy, and the remaining targets are distributed in a fragmented manner), inadequate endpoint assessment objectivity (e.g., lack of reliable biomarkers), and a vicious cycle in R&D timelines (e.g., target validation gaps, 28% high termination rate, and Phase I stagnation). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.