Given that the interaction between pericytes and endothelial cells in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are necessary for proper formation, development, stabilization, and maintenance of the BBB, we investigated whether active and/or latent HIV-1 infection can differently modulate inflammatory response in BPs, with a focus on RNA sensor and type I interferon (IFN) pathways. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and HIV-1 infection.