Because of the important role of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and especially the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) in controlling viral RNA infections [40,41], we decided to study if the main genes involved in this pathway, RIG-1 and MDA5 could be differently affected during the active and the latent phase of HIV-1 infection. Here, RIGI is linked to HIV-1 infection.