Overall, bevacizumab plus anlotinib markedly reduced pro-angiogenic/immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) in both NSCLC cell lines, with these effects being at least partly dependent on HIF-1α signaling. Here, TNF is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.