IL10 and graft versus host disease: Approved by the FDA in 2024 for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in pediatric patients, this cell therapy exploits the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs.118 The cells secrete bioactive molecules such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and prostaglandin E2, which collectively suppress T-cell proliferation and shift the immune response toward tolerance.119 Additionally, MSCs promote tissue repair and inhibit fibrosis, which is crucial in the context of GVHD.