This article reviews major signaling pathways in sepsis, such as those related to nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1). This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and Sepsis.