In this section, we will explore signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response during sepsis, with a particular focus on the MAPK, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) pathways. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is Sepsis.