AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: In another phase I study, Greten et al. (195) investigated the immune effects of a multi-peptide vaccine (GV1001) containing several HCC-associated antigens [i.e., AFP, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and melanoma-associated geneA1 (MAGE-A1)] and found a reduction in Treg activity, but no detectable GV1001-specific immune response.