For example, GM-CSF+ Th cells in MS and type 1 diabetes (T1D) often co-express both the Th1 (e.g., T-bet and CXCR3) and Th17 (e.g., RORγt and CCR6) markers, forming the so-called “Th1/Th17 hybrid subsets”, namely the triple-positive phenotype (IFN-γ+IL-17A+GM-CSF+) 13, 22, 28. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.