Therefore, it is likely that the adverse effect of high OSM transcript and sOSMR protein in AML is mediated via its ligand OSM acting indirectly via bone marrow mesenchymal and endothelial cells which express both OSMR with its co-receptor GP130 (5, 22, 23) rather than IL-31-mediated signaling. This evidence concerns the gene OSM and acute myeloid leukemia.