OSM and cancer: As the OSMR ligand OSM is expressed by myeloid cells (particularly neutrophils and macrophages) and osteoblasts in the bone marrow (3, 5), we plotted the expression of OSM transcripts in the 9,736 tumor and 8,587 normal tissue samples contained in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using Gene Expression Profiling and Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) website (31, 32) (Figure 1A).