As OSMR is expressed by these cells (5, 22, 23) as well as some mucosal and glandular epithelial cells (42), OSMR and OSM may also play important roles in several non-hematological malignancies by directly acting on tumor cells or indirectly via endothelial and mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts in the tumor environment. The gene discussed is OSM; the disease is neoplasm.