TP53 and breast carcinoma: NOXA, also known as phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate‐induced protein 1 (PMAIP1), plays a crucial role in promoting caspases activation and apoptosis, facilitating mitochondrial outer membrane changes, and the efflux of apoptotic proteins from mitochondria.[41] Studies have shown that the up‐ or down‐regulation of NOXA affects the development of malignant tumors, such as colorectal cancer,[42, 43] melanoma, breast cancer and prostate cancer.[44, 45, 46] NOXA can influence cell apoptosis through both p53‐dependent and p53‐independent pathways.