HLA-DQB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: As expected, HLA-DQB1*03:02 was most strongly associated with type 1 diabetes risk in the EUR and FIN groups, while the most strongly associated HLA class II allele in the AFR and AMR groups was HLA-DQA1*03:01, which aligns with our previous findings from recent type 1 diabetes genome-wide association study [24].