This included hypermethylation of negative TMRs associated with tumour suppressor genes, such as TGFBR2 and SMAD3, as well as loss of methylation at negative TMRs for the oncogenes ERBB3 and SND1 and for PTPN13, which is described as having both oncogenic and tumour suppressor roles [56]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR2 and neoplasm.