TNF and colitis: LF flavonoids can promote PPARγ activation at the protein and mRNA levels in the macrophages and colon tissues of mice with colitis, inhibit NF‐κB and p65 expression and nuclear translocation, suppress the secretion of the inflammatory factors IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in macrophages and colitis in the colon and serum, improve inflammatory infiltration induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), and restore the colon mucosal structure; this anti‐inflammatory mechanism is related to targeted regulation of the PPARγ/NF‐κB pathway (Deng 2023).