As shown in the heat map, male offspring exposed to HSD exhibited differential expression of ten genes associated with liver disease compared to normal offspring: Ager, Dph1, Steap4, Nfe2l1, Ppara, Rbmx, Nr1d1, Ccar2, Axl, and Abcg5 (Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene CCAR2 and liver disorder.