Additional studies confirmed that Cx43 expression and hemichannel activity are also elevated in human ALS tissue and in patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived astrocytes, implicating this mechanism in both fALS and sALS (Almad et al., 2016; Almad et al., 2022). The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.